$24,500 in employee contributions. Workers 50 and older can add a $8,000 catch-up, and those aged 60 to 63 can add $11,250 instead (IRS Notice 2025-67). Employer contributions don't count toward the employee limit.
How does an employer match work?
A common formula is "50% of what you contribute, up to 6% of salary." Contribute 6% and your employer adds 3%. Contributing less than the match limit leaves free money on the table.
What rate of return should I use?
Many planners use 5% to 7% a year for a diversified stock-heavy portfolio over decades. Returns aren't guaranteed, so try a lower rate to see a cautious case.